Water and saturated steam pipe sizing

Pipe sizing for water and saturated steam involves selecting an appropriate pipe diameter based on the flow rate, pressure drop, and allowable velocity. The following general procedure can be used to size pipes for water and saturated steam:

1. Determine the flow rate:

   • For water, the flow rate can be determined from the design flow rate, system demand, or fixture unit values.
   • For saturated steam, the flow rate can be determined from the steam consumption rate or heat transfer requirements.

2. Determine the pressure drop:

   • For water, the pressure drop can be determined from the hydraulic calculation, which considers the frictional losses and other pressure losses, such as fittings, valves, and elevation changes.
   • For saturated steam, the pressure drop can be determined from the steam tables or calculation using the steam properties, pipe dimensions, and flow rate.

3. Select an appropriate pipe diameter:

   • For water, use the Hazen-Williams equation or Darcy-Weisbach equation to determine the required pipe diameter based on the flow rate, pressure drop, and allowable velocity.
   • For saturated steam, use the steam tables to determine the required pipe diameter based on the flow rate, pressure drop, and allowable velocity.

4. Consider other factors:

   • For water, consider the type of water (potable, non-potable, or wastewater) and any special requirements, such as fire protection or chemical resistance.
   • For saturated steam, consider the material and insulation of the pipe, which can affect the heat loss and condensation.

It's important to note that pipe sizing is a complex process that requires knowledge of engineering principles, fluid properties, and relevant standards. It's recommended to consult with a qualified engineer and follow the appropriate codes and standards, such as ASME B31.1 or ASME B31.3, for water and steam piping systems.